Thermal (heat) Energy
3 Ways Thermal Energy can be Transferred • Conduction • Convection • Radiation Conduction •The movement of heat or electricity through matter •Solids are good conductors, particularly metals. Examples of Conduction – (direct contact) •Touching a metal spoon in a cup of hot liquid •Putting a heating pad on your back •Feeling the heat from a hot poker in a fire place •Placing a hand on top of a basket of hot rolls Convection •The transfer of thermal energy though a fluid (gas or liquid) •Due to differences in density •Hot fluid rises while cold fluid sinks. Examples of Convection –(hot rising/cold sinking) •Macaroni rising and falling in a pot of boiling water •Lava lamp rising and sinking •Hot magma rising in the mantle, cold sinking •Hot air rising in the atmosphere, cold sinking •Hot water rising in the oceans, cold sinking Radiation •Energy transmitted in waves or a stream of particles •Travels through space and other types of matter Examples of Radiation - (waves or particles of energy) •Laying out in the sun at a beach •Holding your hand over a burning match without touching it •Feeling the warmth of a bonfire •Holding your hands over a light bulb Energy Transformation (Conversion)
Conservation of Energy •Energy can neither be destroyed nor created. •Energy doesn’t disappear. •Energy just transforms from one form into another. Ex: Electric energy converts to heat energy on a stove. Potential Energy Energy that is stored Forms of Potential Energy Mechanical Chemical Nuclear Electrical Kinetic Energy Energy that is in motion Forms of Kinetic Energy Mechanical Radiant Electrical Thermal Sound Mechanical Energy - KE The energy a body possesses because of its motion caused by gravity or elasticity Ex: Flowing water Winds Arrow shot from a bow Bouncing on a trampoline Mechanical Energy - PE The energy a body possesses because of its position Energy stored by gravity or elastic potential Ex: Book on a table Compressed spring Rubber band pulled back Thermal Energy - KE • Also referred to as heat energy •The total energy of atoms and molecules that are constantly in motion. Ex: Burner of a stovetop turned on Hot cup of cocoa Fire Radiant Energy – KE •Also referred to as solar or light energy •Energy caused by the movement of electromagnetic waves Ex: Light emitted by lightbulbs Sun Microwaves Sound Energy - KE •Energy in the form wave motion •Vibrations spread in all directions as one vibrating object touches another causing it to vibrate •Ex: Drum Tuning fork Talking Electrical Energy - KE Moving electrons from one point to another in a conductor Ex: Electric current in wires Lightning Electrical Energy - PE Stored electrons not moving Ex. Light bulb turned off Stove turned off Power outages Electrons in clouds Chemical Energy - PE Energy stored in chemical substances. Ex: Fuel Explosives Food Batteries Wood Nuclear Energy - PE •Also known as atomic energy •The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom •Can be released by fusion (combining atoms nuclei) or fission (splitting atoms nuclei) Ex: Nuclear power plants |
Erik E. Mason
|