Use the Internet and video above to find the definitions for the following:
Acids
•A solution that has an excess of H+ ions. •From the Latin word acidus, which means “sharp” or “sour” •Characteristics •Taste sour •React strongly with metals •Dangerous and can burn your skin •Turns blue litmus indicator red •Increase H+ ion concentration in solution Bases •A solution that has an excess of OH- ions. •Another word for base is alkali or alkaline •Characteristics of bases •Bitter taste •Slippery feel •Strong bases are very dangerous and can burn your skin. •Turns red litmus indicator blue •Increase OH- ion concentration in solution Acids Uses •Acetic acid – vinegar •Acetylsalicylic acid – aspirin •Ascorbic acid – vitamin C •Carbonic acid – soft drinks •Citric acid – citrus fruits, artificial flavorings •Hydrochloric acid – stomach acid •Nitric acid – fertilizer, explosives •Sulfuric Acid – car batteries Bases Uses •Ammonium hydroxide – glass cleaner •Aluminum hydroxide – antacids, deodorants •Magnesium hydroxide – laxatives, antacids •Sodium bicarbonate – baking soda •Sodium carbonate – dish detergent •Sodium hydroxide – lye, oven and drain cleaner Sodium hypochlorite - bleach Acids and Bases in Nature •There are many strong acids and bases in nature. •Fruits contain citric acid. •Some are dangerous and used as poisons by insects and animals. •Many plants have acids and bases in their leaves, seeds, or even their sap. Acids and Bases in our Bodies •Our stomachs use hydrochloric acid to help digest foods, and also kills bacteria that causes us to get sick. •Our muscles produce lactic acid when we exercise. •Our pancreas uses a base to help with digestion. Svante Arrhenius •Chemist who came up with a way to define acids and bases in 1887 •Believed that acids were substances that produce hydrogen ions [H]+ in solution •Bases were substances that produced hydroxide ions [OH]- in solution. Ions •Form when atoms lose or gain electrons to have full outer valence electron shells. (Octet rule) •Remember electrons have a negative charge. •Cations – lose electrons, + charge •Anions – gain electrons, - charge pH Scale •Used to measure strength of acids and bases in a solution •Spans from 0 to 14 •Middle point (pH7) being neutral (neither acid or base) •Greater than 7 = base (14 strongest) •Less than 7 = acid (0 strongest) Indicators •A special type of compound that changes color as the pH of a solution changes. •Tells the pH of the solution There are several different types of indicators. https://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101-videos
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Erik E. Mason
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